Carya illinoinensis ‘Pawnee’, commonly known as the Pawnee Pecan Tree, is a high-yielding, early-ripening Protandrous Type I (early pollen-shedding) variety, meaning its male flowers release pollen before the female flowers become receptive. Because of this, Pawnee should be paired with a Type II (late pollen-shedding) variety such as ‘Desirable’, ‘Forkert’, Jackson’, ‘Stuart’, or ‘Elliott’ to ensure optimal pollination and maximum nut production. This cross-pollination pairing results in heavier yields and fuller, higher-quality nuts.

A top performer among pecan cultivars, Pawnee produces large, thin-shelled nuts with buttery, sweet flavor and excellent kernel quality. The nuts mature in late September to early October, earlier than most pecan varieties, making them ideal for regions prone to early frost. Pawnee’s combination of early harvest, dependable production, and superior nut quality makes it one of the most widely planted pecans in both home orchards and commercial operations.

Beyond its productivity, the Pawnee Pecan is an attractive shade tree with glossy, dark-green leaves that turn golden-yellow in fall. Its broad canopy provides excellent shade, making it as valuable in the landscape as it is in the orchard.

Pawnee thrives in full sun and prefers deep, well-drained soil that is fertile and slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0-7.0). Consistent watering is essential during the first few years to establish a strong root system, and mature trees benefit from regular moisture during dry periods. Apply mulch around the base to conserve soil moisture and reduce weed competition.
Fertilize annually in early spring to support healthy foliage and nut development. Pruning is rarely necessary except to remove damaged or crossing branches. Pawnee will begin bearing nuts in 4 to 8 years after planting, depending on site conditions and care.

This medium-sized deciduous tree typically grows 30-50 feet tall with a broad, rounded canopy. It is one of the earliest-ripening commercial pecan varieties and is known for its consistent, heavy yields. Pawnee is well-suited for USDA Zones 6-9, thriving in warm southern regions and adapting well to lower Midwest climates.

The Pawnee Pecan Tree is non-toxic to humans, and its nuts are safe and nutritious to eat. However, raw pecans should be kept out of reach of pets, as large quantities can cause digestive issues in dogs and cats. The tree is also a valuable wildlife resource, attracting pollinators in spring and providing food for birds and squirrels later in the season.