The European hornbeam tree, or Carpinus betulus, is a deciduous tree native to Europe and parts of Asia. It typically grows to a height of 40 to 60 feet (12 to 18 meters) and a width of 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 meters) at maturity. The tree has a dense, oval to round crown and a gray, smooth bark that becomes furrowed and ridged with age.

The leaves of the European hornbeam are small, oval-shaped, and have a serrated edge. They emerge in the spring as a vibrant green color, turn a rich green in the summer, and then take on shades of yellow and orange in the fall before dropping off.

In the late spring to early summer, the European hornbeam produces catkins, which are small, cylindrical flower clusters that hang down from the branches. These catkins are not showy, but they do provide a valuable source of pollen and nectar for bees and other pollinators.

The European hornbeam is a hardy and adaptable tree that tolerates a wide range of soil types and growing conditions. It prefers well-draining soil and full sun to partial shade, but can also tolerate some shade. Because of its dense foliage and small size, it is often used as a hedge, screen, or as a specimen tree in a smaller garden or urban setting.